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Periimplantitis is the most feared complication occurring in implantology, especially once the implant therapy with its appropriate prosthetics is completed. Suggestions regarding the treatment exist in ample variations and are put into practice as well. However, it seems to be more reasonable to prevent the causes for periimplantitis, which certainly originate to a large percentage from re-infection out of implant gaps and hollow spaces. The possibility of germ colonization on implant interiors exists and should be taken seriously. Attempts to combat re-infection are described in specialized literature since years. Now GapSealR with its sixteen years of clinical experience offers a truly effective prevention against periimplantitis.

The importance of direct composite-based filling materials will continue to grow in the future. It involves scientifically substantiated and documented, high-quality permanent restorations for the masticatory loaded posterior region. The results of a comprehensive review have shown that the annual failure rates do not differ statistically from those of amalgam fillings. The increasing economic pressure in the health system and in many cases the insufficient financial possibilities of patients to meet performance-based fee payments also require a more simple, quicker-to-produce and therefore more cost-effective standard restoration as well as time-consuming high-end restorations. In addition to hybrid composites, available in different hues and opacity graduations, bulk-fill composite materials, particularly for the posterior region, have been on the market for some time now. These can be used for placing clinically and aesthetically acceptable posterior fillings in a more economical procedure than traditional hybrid composites. However, composite-based standard restorations will not be completely without additional private payment; though the time benefit associated with the fast-track technique can reduce this accordingly.

The conclusion of the author is: An efficient hygiene protocol including clearly defined procedures, well trained staff and up to date equipment stands for significant costs. But decisions should not always come down to price. Priority should be given to personnel and patient safety. One single mistake could lead to dramatic consequences, much higher expenses and the practitioner being held to account if cross infection occurs.

All-ceramic restorations are today an integral part in the restorative treatment concept. The clinically secured indications range from all-ceramic inlays to partial crowns and veneers, single crowns or bridges in the anterior and posterior regions. All-ceramic materials can also be used for the fabrication of custom abutments. These diverse application options require the use of different materials optimised according to the respective indication. It is important in these cases always to combine adequately high strength with indication-appropriate translucency. A new material (Dentsply / DeguDent) that meets these requirements in a very particular way is zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS), which combines the positive properties of zirconia and glassceramics. Due to the 10% proportion of finely dispersed zircon oxide, following crystallisation a very homogeneous structure is created in this glass-ceramic with an average particle size of approx. 0.5 μm that not only has outstanding mechanical properties but also exceptional optical properties.

This report details the case of a male patient who was diagnosed with resorption of the distal root on tooth 36 by means of an x-ray examination. Root treatment was carried out on this tooth 20 years ago and, since then, the patient has not suffered any symptoms. Following assessment of this resorption type, the activity of the process and the options available for a repeat endodontic intervention and reconstruction, a conservative treatment approach was opted for.

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VITA ENAMIC generally allows superior restorations to be fabricated very quickly and inexpensively. The dental surgeon who was initially sceptical has since become an enthusiastic fan of the hybrid ceramic. With a conventional CAD/CAM glass ceramic such as lithium disilicate ceramic, it would not be possible to create partial non-prep veneers in this way. Due to their brittle characteristics, it would have been expected that such materials would fracture when milling thin restoration margins of this kind. Thanks to the intelligent combination of ceramic and polymer material, VITA ENAMIC is also the first material to demonstrate properties incredibly similar to those of natural dentition. It can be assumed that a VITA ENAMIC restoration will bond reliably with the tooth substance when adhesively cemented in the mouth, and that it will flexibly adapt thanks to its elasticity.

Aesthetic restoration of a single anterior tooth is one of the biggest challenges in dentistry. The case presented here is particularly demanding and was resolved using the new glass-ceramic generation ZLS. Vita Zahnfabrik markets this material under the name of VITA SUPRINITY. The author was among the group of testers. The following material data on this new material correspond to the manufacturer's specifications.

Saliva plays a critical role in the preservation of or pharyngeal health. Complaints of a dry mouth (xerostomia) and diminished salivary output are common in older populations, which can result in impaired food and beverage intake, host defense and communication. Persistent xerostomia and salivary dysfunction can produce significant and permanent oral and pharyngeal disorders and can impair a person's quality of life. Saliva is an essential part of a healthy mouth that is often taken for granted. The lubricating properties of saliva provide comfort and help protect the oral tissues against ulcers, sores, and other effects of friction. Saliva neutralizes acids and provides antibodies against bacterial threat. Saliva helps digest food and helps teeth in the remineralization process. Saliva is also a very essential contributor to a person's ability to taste, as it acts as a solvent for the taste stimuli.

Xerostomia information for dentists By Cathy L. Bartels, Pharm.D., assistant professor, pharmacy practice, School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, University of Montana.

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