The Minamata Convention on Mercury is the first new global Convention on environment and health adopted for close to a decade. It is named after the place where thousands of people were poisoned by mercury-tainted industrial wastewater in the mid-20th century in Japan, leading to crippling symptoms that became known as the Minamata disease. Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal which poses a global threat to human health and the environment. After the official recognition by Japanese government in the health catastrophe caused by mercury that lasted 36 years, it started in 2003 a cooperative program with United Nation to control mercury globally, to save human and environment through hard efforts that had been presented by many countries, research centers and scientific institutions.